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甘肃张掖：“匠心”赋能“非遗”传承******
甘肃张掖积极推进职业教育与传统文化融合发展——
“匠心”赋能“非遗”传承
近日，走进甘肃省张掖市民乐县职教中心，操场上彩条飘扬、人头攒动，顶碗舞、打夯歌、面塑、树皮木塑画等“非遗”技能项目令人目不暇接，吸引众多师生驻足观看。
这是该校今年举办的县级中职学生技能大赛上的一幕。“把‘非遗’技能纳入市级技能大赛，让匠心遇上传统文化，这是一种双赢之举，既承载了中职学生对技艺之美、匠心之美的再认识，也让学生们感悟到了中华文脉，增强了文化自信。”民乐县职教中心副校长颜鹏说。
2010年以来，张掖市将地方丰富多彩的“非遗”项目引进课堂、融入师生生活，并纳入中职学生技能大赛，以赛促学、以学促传，推进“非遗”文化进校园活动常态化开展，有效增进广大青少年对传统文化的认知与情感，促进了“非遗”项目保护、传承和发展。
山丹培黎学校教师高云琴是市级“非遗”传承人。近年来，她通过多样的活态传承方式，大胆创新烙画工艺，积极尝试纸烙画创作，使其焕发新生。
2015年，高云琴主持成立了“民间工艺传承与创新工作室”。由她申报的纸烙画开发及人才培训项目被列为张掖市重点人才发展项目，仅工作室就培养近1000名学生，不仅学习掌握了剪纸和烙画技术，多人获得国家、省、市级技能大赛奖项。
目前，张掖市的7所中职学校均把“非遗”文化作为传承中华文明、赓续中华文脉的重要载体，将当地具有代表性的“非遗”项目融入专业课教学和多姿多彩的社团活动，通过常态化的技能大赛等活动，提高了非物质文化遗产传承人群的实践水平和传承能力，助推乡村振兴。
肃南裕固族自治县是一个多民族聚居区，在长期的繁衍发展和历史变迁中，形成了自己独特的民风习俗和传统文化，积淀了涵盖语言、文学、历史、民俗、歌舞等诸多领域的非物质文化遗产。
为此，该县职教中心开设了以裕固族服饰配件、皮雕、刺绣等为主的“非遗”技艺传承课程，邀请国家级非物质文化遗产传承人定期到校授课，并采取“工作室+项目+产品”的模式，充分发挥民俗文化模块化教学优势，与当地特色产业发展并肩同行，促进裕固族非物质文化遗产的保护传承。
此外，县上还设有裕固族刺绣、婚俗、服饰、民歌和织褐子等国家级和省级非物质文化遗产传习所，通过定期举办各类民俗文化节会、培养工艺传人、开发特色创意产品和“非遗”进校园常态化等方式，唤醒了传统文化的独特魅力和生命力。（本报记者 尹晓军 特约通讯员 王增智）
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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